Oden represents the best of wintertime food in Japan. This classic stew features an assortment of fish cakes simmered in a soy sauce-based dashi broth. Served family style in a donabe clay pot, it‘s a comforting dinner to share with family and friends when the weather turns cold.
There are many opportunities for family and friends to get together during the year-end holiday season. How about a recipe that represents the best of wintertime foods in Japan?
Oden (おでん) or Japanese fish cake stew is a warm and comforting dinner to share with family and friends when the weather turns cold. It can be made in large quantities at once so it’s a perfect dish for gatherings. Although there are regional variations in each area of Japan, let me introduce a simple, classic oden today.
Table of Contents
What is Oden?
Oden is a one-pot dish, which is a little bit different from stew or hot pot. It’s more like a simmered dish, in which you can find assorted fish cakes, daikon radish, atsuage (deep-fried tofu), hard-boiled eggs, konnyaku, kombu, and mochi-filled fried tofu pockets gently cooked in a soy sauce-based broth.
You can eat oden at specialty restaurants (see above) and izakaya-style restaurants all year round.
When it’s winter, you start to see oden sold at supermarkets, depa-chika (department store’s underground food floor), and konbini (Japanese convenience stores). If you’re lucky, you may see street stalls that sell oden.
If you are familiar with Japanese dramas or cartoons, you have probably seen scenes of salarymen eating oden and drinking sake at a food stand at night with their coworkers after a day of work.
This special dish has even spread to other Asian countries. When I visited Taiwan, I was surprised to find that the 7-Elevens sell oden (關東煮).
Brief History of Oden
The origin of oden started from a different dish called dengaku (also called Miso Dengaku), with skewered tofu or konnyaku (konjac) boiled and eaten with miso. Later, instead of using miso, different ingredients were cooked in dashi broth, and this became oden that we enjoy today.
Despite its mostly brownish appearance from the fish cakes, oden is brimming with comfort. Partaking in a pot of oden is about enjoying each juicy, chewy, and textural bite of the ingredients. Once you try it, you’ll surely fall in love with this winter meal.
Ingredients for Classic Oden
The following are the basic oden ingredients.
- Broth: Awase Dashi (Japanese soup stock made with kombu and katsuobushi), sake, mirin, soy sauce, and salt.
- Assorted fish cakes and fish balls (nerimono) – see the next section for more info.
- Daikon radish
- Konnyaku (Konjac)
- Boiled eggs – Start cooking the eggs in water. Once boiling, cook for 8 minutes. Drain, cool immediately, and peel.
- Knotted kombu: If you can’t find this, hydrate a large piece of kombu, cut it into individual strips, and tie a knot in each; if the hydrated kombu is very thick and not pliable, cut it into smaller strips or squares and skip tying the knots.
Other Oden Ingredients (optional):
Depending on the region, the ingredients used in oden can be vastly different (see this reference; really interesting!). Feel free to add your favorites besides what’s listed above.
- Potatoes – I recommend using Yukon gold potatoes instead of Russet potatoes so the shape of the potatoes remain after simmering
- Satoimo (Japanese taros)
- Boiled octopus or squid
- Gyusuji (beef tendon)
- Chicken wings
- Pork offal
- Spareribs
- Sausages
- Shirataki noodles
- Cabbage rolls
- Bean sprouts, and more!
How to Make the Best Oden at Home
- Cut the daikon into thick rounds and cook for 20 minutes. Drain and set aside.
- Cut the konnyaku block into triangle-shaped pieces and blanch for 3 minutes. Drain and set aside.
- Blanch the deep-fried fish cakes in boiling water for 15-30 seconds to remove excess oil.
- Make the oden broth in a large pot or donabe (Japanese clay pot).
- Add the daikon, konnyaku, and boiled eggs to the broth. Once simmering, cook for 20 minutes.
- Add fish cakes to the pot and simmer for 10 minutes.
- Add the hanpen and mochi kinchaku and simmer for 3 minutes. Serve oden with karashi mustard.
What is Nerimono (Japanese Fish Cakes and Fish Balls)
Nerimono (練り物) is a blanket term for fish cakes and fish balls that are made of surimi (すり身 “ground flesh”). You may be more familiar with individual nerimono names such as kamaboko, chikuwa, hanpen, and satsuma-age.
Surimi is made of white fish—typically Alaska pollock and Pacific whiting—that is pulverized into a thick paste and mixed with seasonings and other ingredients. Then, the paste is formed into various shapes, such as balls, sticks, tubes, and cakes, in different sizes. Depending on the variety, the fish cakes and fish balls are steamed, grilled, boiled, or deep-fried.
Since oden is a popular dish, you can buy a variety pack of popular nerimono selections, which we call “Oden Set.” This assorted set contains 10-12 types of nerimono. It’s perfect for cooking oden at home!
Tips for Buying Oden Set:
- These packages usually include a packet of concentrated broth, but make your own oden broth to avoid preservatives and chemical additives.
- I usually buy one “oden set” and several small packages of individual nerimono of our family’s favorites to create more variety.
- Think of the flavors and textures when you choose different types of nerimono. You should include deep-fried ones (typically brown) and steamed or boiled ones (lighter color).
Where to Buy Nerimono
Japanese grocery stores and well-stocked Asian grocery stores carry different types of nerimono, typically in the freezer section.
Different Kinds of Nerimono
There are so many kinds of nerimono (check this out), but here are some popular ones.
- Atsuage – Deep-fried thick tofu
- Chikuwa – Grilled fish cake tube
- Ganmodoki or Ganmo for short – Fried tofu fritters with chopped vegetables, shiitake mushrooms, and hijiki seaweed
- Gobo-maki – Deep-fried fish cake stick stuffed with gobo in the center
- Hanpen – Steamed pounded fish cakes that come in square shape
- Ika-maki – Deep-fried fish cake stick stuffed with squid in the center
- Mochi kinchaku – Deep-fried tofu pockets that contain mochi
- Satsuma age – Deep-fried fish cakes that come in flat oblong/round/ shape or balls
- Tsumire – Fish ball made from sardines
- Vegetable Tempura – Deep-fried fish cake with vegetables that come in flat oblong/round/ shape
If you have a hard time finding the oden set or various fish cakes in your area, you may be able to get fish cakes that are more popular outside of Japan such as:
- Kamaboko (fish cake)
- Naruto-maki (white fish cake with a red swirl pattern)
- Kanikama (imitation crab meat)
You could add different ingredients besides nerimono to make oden.
Oden Cooking Tips
Tip #1: Choose various fish cakes and fish balls
Even though the fish cakes and fish balls all look somewhat similar, they are made of different types of fish and ingredients, yielding contrasting flavors and textures. You’d want to use a variety of nerimono to add a fun and interesting element to your oden.
Tip #2: Make good dashi (Japanese soup stock)
The base of the oden broth is dashi. It is what gives the ingredients like fish cakes, fish balls, daikon, boiled eggs, and fried tofu all the delicious flavor. Therefore, it’s important to make really good dashi for oden.
The most common type of dashi used for oden is Awase Dashi, a combination of kombu and katsuobushi. You can make it from scratch, which takes 20 minutes, or use a convenient dashi packet that takes 3 minutes.
Tip #3: Don’t skip the daikon and konnyaku prep
On a busy day when I have to prepare a meal quickly, I may skip some additional prepping steps when they are not crucial for the final result. However, in Japanese cooking, there are some important steps you shouldn’t skip.
When you make the oden recipe, you must prep the daikon and konnyaku because they are difficult for the flavor to permeate.
- Daikon radish: Thick rounds of the daikon take a long time to absorb the flavors of the broth. When the daikon doesn’t absorb enough flavors, it’s bland and tasteless. Therefore, removing the sharp edge of the daikon pieces, scoring the flat surface of the daikon, and boiling it first before simmering it in the oden broth are all important preps you shouldn’t skip.
- Konnyaku: As you are probably aware, konnyaku has a unique smell and it’s best to get rid most of it by boiling before simmering it in the oden broth.
When you’re ready to cook oden, make sure to start cooking the daikon, konnyaku, and boiled eggs for 20 minutes in the oden broth before adding fish cakes and fish balls.
Tip #4: Blanch the fish cakes and fish balls
Why do we blanch fish cakes and fish balls first? This step helps get rid of the excess deep-frying oil from factory processing and keeps the oden broth clean.
Some recipes may suggest just pouring hot water over them, but I find submerging and blanching the whole fish cakes and fish balls in boiling water for 15-30 seconds yield a better result.
Tip #5: Be aware of Nerimono cooking time
Overcooking the nerimono is a big no-no! The fish cakes and fish balls will become too soft and break easily, resulting in a cloudy broth. The nerimono should have a springy texture, so the total simmering time should be 10-15 minutes!
Add all the nerimono to the oden broth, except for mochi kinchaku and hanpen, and simmer for 10 minutes. Then, add the last two ingredients and cook for 3 minutes.
Important tip: Simmer the oden on gentle heat; NEVER boil, or else the broth will become cloudy.
Tip #6: Enjoy Oden the Next Day!
Last but not least, I must mention that we really enjoy the well-seasoned, day-old oden! All the ingredients absorb more flavors from the broth while it cools down and rests overnight. Just be careful not to overcook while reheating. Some people prefer a firmer texture of nerimono while others (like us) may not bother too much.
I often make oden ahead of time. I serve the oden as a side dish on Day 1 and as a main dish on Day 2.
How to Eat Oden
When oden is done simmering, transfer the big pot to the dining table and keep it hot. Oden is very much a communal, social meal that we share, cook, and enjoy from the middle of the dining table, just like other hot pot dishes.
We would serve it with a little bit of karashi (Japanese hot mustard) on the side. I included how to prepare it in the recipe card.
If you serve oden in a donabe (Japanese clay pot), the food stays warm in it for a long time due to its incredible heat-retention ability. You can also reheat it on a portable butane gas stove while eating, but make sure to keep it on a gentle simmer.
Sake Pairing with Oden
Oden is a fun food to share with friends and family during the winter. With an assortment of fish cakes and other ingredients, it’s a festive feast that’s easy to prepare. We like to pair oden with sake as it’s one of the most versatile drinks to go with various types of Japanese food.
During the holidays or hot days, one of our favorite sake to pair with oden is Sho Chiku Bai Shirakabegura MIO Sparkling Sake. This unique sparkling sake has a refreshing fruity aroma and is surprisingly easy to pair with savory foods. As the refreshing bubbles hit your mouth, you can taste the slight sweetness and delicate fruity notes. The sake itself is smooth and creamy and the sparkling texture offers a nice crispy finish.
It’s a fantastic way to refresh your palate between different types of oden. Our friends who we’ve introduced MIO to are always surprised by how delicious it is. Plus its low ABV (5%) allows light drinkers to enjoy it as well.
Where to Buy a Donabe (Japanese Clay Pot)
You can cook and serve oden in a Dutch oven, but if you enjoy making all kinds of hot pot dishes, I highly recommend getting a donabe, a traditional Japanese clay pot.
🛒 Shop at MTC Kitchen – Use JOC10 to get 10% off.
Japanese hot pots, nabemono (鍋物), are a necessary remedy for cold weather. Read my post on Japanese Hot Pot 101: All About Nabemono to learn the basics on how to prepare nabemono and 13 delicious recipes to make at home.
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Oden (Japanese Fish Cake Stew)
Ingredients
For the Ingredients
- 4 inches daikon radish
- 1 package konnyaku (konjac) (9 oz, 255 g)
- 1 package oden set (assorted Japanese fish cakes and fish balls) (about 27 oz, 750 g)
- 1 package deep-fried firm tofu cutlet (atsuage) (6.5 oz, 184 g)
- 2 pieces aburaage (deep-fried tofu pouch) (optional; for the mochi kinchaku)
- 2 pieces Japanese rice cake (mochi) (optional; for the mochi kinchaku)
- 4 hard-boiled eggs (boiled for 8 minutes, cooled, and peeled)
- 1 package hanpen (fish cake) (4.6 oz, 130 g)
- 4 pieces dried knotted kombu (or hydrate a large piece of kombu, cut strips, and tie a knot in each)
For the Broth
- 6 cups dashi (Japanese soup stock) (use standard Awase Dashi, dashi packet or powder, or Vegan Dashi; I highly recommend a strong dashi flavor for this recipe)
- 2 Tbsp usukuchi (light-colored) soy sauce (you can use regular soy sauce, but the broth will be darker)
- 1 Tbsp sake
- 2 Tbsp mirin
- ½ tsp Diamond Crystal kosher salt
For Serving
- Japanese karashi hot mustard (optional)
Instructions
- Gather all the ingredients. If you can‘t find dried knotted kombu, hydrate a large piece of kombu, cut it into individual strips, and tie a knot in each. If the hydrated kombu is very thick and not pliable, skip tying the knots and instead cut it into smaller strips or squares.
To Prepare the Daikon
- Using a vegetable peeler, remove the outer skin from 4 inches daikon radish. Then, slice the daikon into round pieces 1 inch (2.5 cm) thick.
- With the knife, remove the sharp edges of the daikon slices to smooth them out. This technique is called mentori. The rounded corners and edges will prevent the daikon from breaking and protect its shape. Next, score a cross on one flat side of the daikon slices, about ¼ inch deep, so they will absorb more flavors.
- If you are going to serve rice with the Oden, reserve the cloudy water from rinsing the rice. Fill a medium pot with this cold, cloudy water.
- Add the daikon to the pot. Turn on the stove to medium heat and cook, uncovered, for about 20 minutes. Drain and rinse the daikon in running water. Set aside. Tip: This method helps get rid of the daikon‘s bitterness and odor and makes the daikon a beautiful white color. Make sure to cook the daikon starting with cold water. This allows the center of the daikon to cook slowly before the water reaches a boil and that will help cook the daikon evenly.
To Prepare the Konnyaku
- Bring a small saucepan of water to a boil. Meanwhile, score one side of 1 package konnyaku (konjac) in a crisscross pattern: Make diagonal cuts in one direction about ⅛ inch (3 mm) deep and ⅛ inch (3 mm) apart, then repeat the diagonal cuts in the other direction. Tip: This will help the konnyaku absorb more flavors.
- Next, cut the konnyaku into thirds crosswise. Then, cut each third in half diagonally, creating a triangle shape.
- Place the konnyaku in the boiling water, cook for 3 minutes, and drain. Tip: This helps to remove the odor from the konnyaku.
To Remove the Excess Oil from the Oden Set
- Put water in a donabe (Japanese clay pot) or a large, shallow pot and bring it to a boil. Add 1 package oden set (assorted Japanese fish cakes and fish balls)—we call them nerimono—to the boiling water for 15–30 seconds. Tip: This recommended step removes the excess deep-frying oil from factory processing.
- Remove the fish cakes and fish balls from the boiling water and transfer them to a plate or tray. Let cool. Keep the boiling water in the pot, if you are going to make mochi kinchaku (optional). Otherwise, drain the water and rinse the pot.
To Make the Mochi Kinchaku (optional)
- Blanch 2 pieces aburaage (deep-fried tofu pouch) in the reserved boiling water for 15–30 seconds to remove the excess oil. Remove them from the water and set aside. Drain the water and rinse the pot.
- Cut the aburaage in half crosswise to make two square pockets. Cut 2 pieces Japanese rice cake (mochi)—also called kirimochi—in half or small enough to fit into the tofu pocket.
- Open one aburaage pocket and put a piece of kirimochi inside. Use a toothpick to close the aburaage pouch so the mochi doesn‘t fall out during cooking. Repeat to make the remaining pouches.
To Prepare the Broth
- To the rinsed donabe or large pot, add 6 cups dashi (Japanese soup stock), 2 Tbsp usukuchi (light-colored) soy sauce, 1 Tbsp sake, 2 Tbsp mirin, and ½ tsp Diamond Crystal kosher salt. Mix well together.
To Cook the Oden
- Put the daikon, konnyaku, and 4 hard-boiled eggs (peeled) in the donabe or pot. Bring it to a boil.
- Once boiling, reduce the heat to low or medium low to maintain a simmer. Cook, uncovered, for 20 minutes.
- Meanwhile, cut the big pieces of fish cakes in the oden set in half or quarters so they are a convenient size to pick up with chopsticks. Here, I cut the larger Satsuma age (round fried fish cakes) into quarters and the chikuwa (baked fish cakes) diagonally in half.
- I cut the gobo-maki (burdock fish cake rolls) and fish balls in half.
- I cut the medium-sized Satsuma age in half. I cut the pieces of 1 package deep-fried firm tofu cutlet (atsuage) in half crosswise and then cut each piece in half again diagonally.
- For the small fish balls, you can thread two pieces onto a skewer to keep them together. Diagonally cut 1 package hanpen (fish cake) in quarters.
- After 20 minutes, check your oden pot. If there‘s so much broth that your oden pot will overflow when you add the oden set and other fish cakes, transfer some broth to a measuring cup (or bowl) and set aside. You can add this reserved broth to the pot later, as needed.
- Now, add the oden set, other fish cakes (except for the hanpen), atsuage, and 4 pieces dried knotted kombu to the pot. Cook for 10 minutes.
- After 10 minutes, add the hanpen and the mochi kinchaku (optional). Cook for 3 minutes. Now, your oden is ready to serve. Alternatively, you can turn off the heat and let it cool on the countertop. Tip: Just like other Japanese simmered foods (nimono), letting oden cool in the broth allows the flavors of the savory dashi to soak into the ingredients.
To Serve
- Serve hot. Reheat oden if you let it cool in the previous step, but make sure not to overcook it.
- Oden is usually served with a little bit of karashi (hot mustard) on the side. To make karashi, combine 2 tsp Japanese karashi hot mustard with 3 tsp (1 Tbsp) of hot water in a small bowl.
- Mix together, cover the bowl with plastic wrap, and flip upside down to let it steam under the bowl for 5 minutes to get a good taste and aroma. Unwrap the bowl and the karashi is ready to use.
To Keep
- You can keep the leftovers in an airtight container and keep them for 3 days in the refrigerator or for up to a month in the freezer (do not freeze eggs and konnyaku). Reheat before serving, but do not overcook it.
Nutrition
Editor’s Note: This post was originally published on January 19, 2012. It’s been republished on December 4, 2022, with the revised recipe, new images, and updated content with more information.
Hi, i just wanted to add some information regarding your comment on your surprise to see Oden in Taiwan’s 7-Eleven. It shouldn’t be surprising to find Japanese products in a Japanese chain business. Originally a US company, it is Japanese since at least 1991. Also, they may adapt their shop products to the country they are in and its population tastes, but in the case of Taiwan island, it was invaded and colonized by Japan during the Qing dynasty, in 1895 and until Japan lost in the WW2, and Japanese food is common and popular. Still nowadays, Japanese cultural products have been pushed and promoted and many would support them as a form of opposition to their motherland, China.
Hello there! Thank you for reading Nami’s post and sharing your knowledge.🙂
Hi, do you have to thaw the fish cakes before blanching and cooking? I’m about to try making this tomorrow and just wanted to know if I needed to move them from the freezer tonight
Hi, Melanie! Thank you so much for trying Nami’s recipe.
You do not need to defrost the fish cakes because we are only removing extra oil from them.
We hope this helped!
Could you explain the rationale behind using both sake and mirin? Are we diluting the mirin with sake to lessen its sweetness or something?
Hi Andrew! Thank you so much for trying Nami’s recipe!
We use Sake and Mirin for a different reasons.🙂 Please read this post for more detail: https://www.justonecookbook.com/sake-mirin/
We hope this helps!
Nami,
Every time I make this, the family marvels how they like the taste and ingredients (esp the kinchaku). Thank you for always giving us “hints” as scoring the daikon for more flavor. You are the best.
Keep your recipes coming.
Hi Sue! Thank you for trying Nami’s recipe and leaving such positive feedback!
Nami and the rest of us at JOC are so happy to hear that your family enjoyed Nami’s Oden recipe.
Thank you so much for your encouragement and support!
Hi! I couldn’t find kirimochi at my Asian supermarket. Could I substitute dried tteok(diagonally sliced Korean rice cake)?
Thanks a lot for the recipes!
Hi Stacy! Thank you for reading Nami’s post and trying her recipe!
The rice cake will have a firmer texture than Kirimochi, but it can be used as a substitute.
We hope this was helpful!
Hi Ying! OMG, thansk for reminding me! I was too focused on writing more tips for Nerimono (more questions from readers on this topic) in the blog post, I completely forgot. I added Tip #6, talking about our preference – which is a day-old oden.
This time, I wanted to make it clear that it’s enjoyable on Day 1 (unlike how I stressed my own preference in my previous post/recipe). Also, there are some people who prefer a firmer texture too. So I wanted to explain the “proper” oden cooking method in this new post (that Oden company recommends, so yes on 10 mins and 3 mins, precisely).
The important part about oden is not to overcook (with heat) but just like other simmered foods, we can let cool (still absorbing flavor), and reheat it to enjoy. 🙂
I highly recommend this recipe! It’s one of my favorites on a cold winter day. If you want to take the time to make it extra special, I recommend frying your own fish cakes. I make a big batch to keep in the freezer and use throughout the winter. I got my recipe from another Japanese cookbook, but I would LOVE if Nami posted one too! Thanks!
Hi John! Thank you for trying Nami’s Oden recipe and for your kind feedback!
We will make sure to add homemade fish cake to the requested recipe list. Thank you for your request!
Happy Cooking!
Thank you for the accuracy and diversity of this very well referenced article.
Hi Guillaume! Thank you for taking the time to read Nami’s post and for your kind feedback.
We are so happy to hear you enjoyed the post.